Key Points: Accumulation of inorganic phosphate (P ) may contribute to muscle fatigue by precipitating calcium salts inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Neither direct demonstration of this process nor definition of the entry pathway of P into SR are fully established. We showed that P promoted Ca release at concentrations below 10 mm and decreased it at higher concentrations. This decrease correlated well with that of [Ca ] . Pre-treatment of permeabilized myofibres with 2 mm Cl channel blocker 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9AC) inhibited both effects of P . The biphasic dependence of Ca release on [P ] is explained by a direct effect of P acting on the SR Ca release channel, combined with the intra-SR precipitation of Ca salts. The effects of 9AC demonstrate that P enters the SR via a Cl pathway of an as-yet-undefined molecular nature.
Abstract: Fatiguing exercise causes hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, increasing the intracellular concentration of inorganic phosphate (P ). P diffuses into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) where it is believed to form insoluble Ca salts, thus contributing to the impairment of Ca release. Information on the P entrance pathway is still lacking. In amphibian muscles endowed with isoform 3 of the RyR channel, Ca spark frequency is correlated with the Ca load of the SR and can be used to monitor this variable. We studied the effects of P on Ca sparks in permeabilized fibres of the frog. Relative event frequency (f/f ) rose with increasing [P ], reaching 2.54 ± 1.6 at 5 mm, and then decreased monotonically, reaching 0.09 ± 0.03 at [P ] = 80 mm. Measurement of [Ca ] confirmed a decrease correlated with spark frequency at high [P ]. A large [Ca ] surge was observed upon P removal. Anion channels are a putative path for P into the SR. We tested the effect of the chloride channel blocker 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9AC) on P entrance. 9AC (400 µm) applied to the cytoplasm produced a non-significant increase in spark frequency and reduced the P effects on this parameter. Fibre treatment with 2 mm 9AC in the presence of high cytoplasmic Mg suppressed the effects of P on [Ca ] and spark frequency up to 55 mm [P ]. These results suggest that chloride channels (or transporters) provide the main pathway of inorganic phosphate into the SR and confirm that P impairs Ca release by accumulating and precipitating with Ca inside the SR, thus contributing to myogenic fatigue.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP279917 | DOI Listing |
Org Biomol Chem
December 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
We introduce two water-soluble excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent turn-on probes responding to inorganic polyphosphates. These ESIPT probes enable specific detection of short-chain inorganic polyphosphates over a range of different condensed phosphates. The probes are weakly emissive in their off-state due to the blocking of ESIPT by Cu coordination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiol
December 2024
CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Banyuls sur mer, France.
Phosphorus is an essential component of numerous macromolecules and is vital for life. Its availability significantly influences primary production, particularly in oligotrophic environments. Marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria, which play key roles in biogeochemical cycles through nitrogen fixation (N fixation), have adapted to thrive in phosphate (P)-poor areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaintaining a balance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is vital for cellular functionality due to Pi's essential role in numerous biological processes. Proper phosphate levels are managed through Pi import and export, facilitated by specific Pi transport proteins. Although the mechanisms of Pi import have been extensively studied, the processes governing Pi export remain less understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232. Electronic address:
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) binds the small metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP) as shown in structures of mTOR, however it remains unclear if IP, or any other inositol phosphate species, function as an integral structural element(s) or catalytic regulator(s) of mTOR. Here, we show that multiple, exogenously added inositol phosphate species can enhance the ability of mTOR and mTORC1 to phosphorylate itself and peptide substrates in in vitro kinase reactions, with the higher order phosphorylated species being more potent (IP=IP>IP>>IP). IP increased the V and decreased the apparent K of mTOR for ATP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Biol
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Huda et al. (https://doi.org/10.
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