Accuracy of mammography, sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting silicone breast implant ruptures: A retrospective observational study of 367 cases.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and mammography in detecting breast implant rupture.

Methods: This retrospective study included all cases of breast implant revision. Implant integrity was determined preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and mammography. The primary study endpoint was the surgical finding. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and positive and negative likelihood ratio of the tests were evaluated.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-four (234) patients were included; 213 mammographies, 295 ultrasounds and 160 magnetic resonance imagings were carried out. While 114 clinical ruptures were confirmed, 253 implants remained intact. Magnetic resonance imaging was the most sensitive (99%); outperforming mammography (sensitivity: 70%). Mammography was the most accurate in diagnosis of intact implant (specificity: 93%), and magnetic resonance imaging was second (specificity: 78%). Ultrasound was rated intermediately. Positive mammography signifies a rupture in 84% of cases, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (positive predictive value: 78%) can be mistaken in 20% of cases. Negative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging rule out a rupture (negative predictive value of 93% and 99% respectively). Mammography and ultrasound are more accurate than magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing implant rupture (positive likelihood ratios of 9.78, 8.24 and 4.44 respectively). Magnetic resonance imaging provides convincing affirmation of implant integrity (negative likelihood ratio: 0.02).

Conclusion: Ultrasound seems to be the most reliable imaging method for patients younger than 50 years. In cases where doubt exists, mammography ensures supplementary assessment. In patients over 50 years of age, mammography and ultrasound should be carried out immediately. If necessary, magnetic resonance imaging rules out a hypothesized rupture.