Sex-specific differences in access and response to medical and device therapies in heart failure: State of the art.

Women with heart failure (HF) are more symptomatic than their male counterparts. Despite deriving similar benefits from both medical and devices therapies, women continue to be underrepresented in clinic trials. Important sex-based disparities exist in enrollment in clinical trials and access to medical and device-based therapies, in part stemming from differences in medical and psychosocial comorbidities. Disparities in access to beneficial interventions likely contribute to the greater symptom burden identified in women with HF. Improved focus on the enrollment of women in clinical trials will allow a better understanding of the underpinnings of these disparities and improve the care of women with HF.