Neurobehaviour of very preterm infants at term equivalent age is related to early childhood outcomes.

Aim: To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes during early childhood among infants born very preterm and define the relationships between neurobehaviour of very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 years.

Methods: Forty-eight infants born ≤32 weeks gestation had neurobehaviour assessed at term equivalent age using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). Outcomes at 4 years were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), the Sensory Profile-Short Form (SF) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P).

Results: At 4 years, 23 (48%) children had at least one below average score on the ASQ-3, 15 (31%) had a below average total score on the Sensory Profile-SF, and 3 (6%) had an abnormal total score on the BRIEF-P. Children with lower fine motor scores at 4 years had poorer orientation (P = 0.03) and self-regulation (P =0.03), hypertonia (P = 0.01), and more sub-optimal reflexes (P = 0.02) as neonates. Children with lower gross motor scores at 4 years of age had more sub-optimal reflexes (P = 0.03) and lethargy (P = 0.046) as neonates. Children with tactile sensitivity at 4 years of age had poorer orientation (P = 0.01) and tolerance of handling (P = 0.03) as neonates. Children with decreased responsiveness at 4 years of age had low arousal (P = 0.02) as neonates, and those with poor auditory filtering at age 4 years had hypotonia (P = 0.03) as neonates.

Conclusion: Early neurobehaviour is related to neurodevelopmental outcome in early childhood.