Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Understanding the mechanisms of immune tolerance is currently one of the most important challenges of scientific research. Pregnancy affects the immune system balance, leading the host to tolerate embryo alloantigens. Previous reports demonstrated that β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling promotes immune tolerance by modulation of NK and Treg, mainly through the activation of β2-ARs, but recently we have demonstrated that also β3-ARs induce an immune-tolerant phenotype in mice bearing melanoma. In this report, we demonstrate that β3-ARs support host immune tolerance in the maternal microenvironment by modulating the same immune cells populations as recently demonstrated in cancer. Considering that β3-ARs are modulated by oxygen levels, we hypothesize that hypoxia, through the upregulation of β3-AR, promotes the biological shift toward a tolerant immunophenotype and that this is the same trick that embryo and cancer use to create an aura of immune-tolerance in a competent immune environment. This study confirms the analogies between fetal development and tumor progression and suggests that the expression of β3-ARs represents one of the strategies to induce fetal and tumor immune tolerance.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492666 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02098 | DOI Listing |
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