The loss of ventral striatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) predicts an impact on the reward system. The ventrostriatal system is involved in motivational processing and its dysfunction may be related to non-motor symptoms such as depression and apathy. We previously documented that patients with PD had blunted Blood Oxygen Level Dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) reward task related activity during both reward anticipation (i.e., in the ventral striatum) and reward outcome (i.e., in the orbitofrontal cortex). Evidence for the modulation of brain function by dopaminergic genes in PD is limited. Genes implicated in dopamine transmission, such as the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) may influence the clinical heterogeneity seen in PD, including reward processing. This study therefore sought to determine whether genetic differences in the DAT gene are associated with brain activity associated with response to reward in PD patients and controls. A sample of PD cases on treatment ( = 15) and non-PD controls ( = 30) from an ethnic group unique to South Africa were genotyped. We found a three-way interaction between GENOTYPE × BOLD fMRI REWARD × DIAGNOSIS [ = 4.666, = 0.037, partial η = 0.104]. PD patients with the DAT1 homozygous 10/10 repeat genotype showed a relative decrease in orbitofrontal cortex reward outcome related activity compared to the patient group who did not have this repeat. PD patients with other genotypes showed an expected increase in orbitofrontal cortex reward outcome related activity compared to controls. Given the small sample size of the PD group with the 10/10 repeat, these results should be considered preliminary. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings highlight the potential modulation of dopamine transporter polymorphisms on orbitofrontal reward system activity in PD and highlight the need for further studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00982 | DOI Listing |
Behav Sci (Basel)
December 2024
School of Media and Communication, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
Humor is a valued social activity and, as such, should be influenced by social norms. This investigation examined the relationships between the functions of humor and the theory of normative social behavior. Descriptive norms are the foundation of TNSB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of two groups of patients subject to bi-cruciate retaining (BCR) or posterior-stabilized (PS) implants. It was hypothesized that patients treated with BCR prostheses would present higher flexion and better clinical and functional results than those treated with PS implants. This prospective study included thirty-two patients treated for primary knee osteoarthritis and assigned to two matched groups for their demographic characteristics and comorbidities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacology
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Social relationships are central to well-being. A subgroup of afferent nerve fibers, C-tactile (CT) afferents, are primed to respond to affective, socially relevant touch and may mitigate the effects of stress. The endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA) modulates both social reward and stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Clin Inform
January 2025
Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
Objective: This study aimed to bridge the educational gap in clinical informatics (CI) at the residency level and stimulate interest in CI as a rewarding career path.
Methods: We developed an innovative CI and quality improvement (QI) resident rotation. This rotation replaced traditional QI blocks for Internal Medicine and several other residency programs, offering comprehensive exposure to core informatics and QI principles.
Pain
January 2025
Integrative Spinal Research Group, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Recent evidence highlights that monetary rewards can increase the precision at which healthy human volunteers can detect small changes in the intensity of thermal noxious stimuli, contradicting the idea that rewards exert a broad inhibiting influence on pain perception. This effect was stronger with contingent rewards compared with noncontingent rewards, suggesting a successful learning process. In the present study, we implemented a model comparison approach that aimed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie thermal noxious discrimination in humans.
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