Procedural and methodological parameters in behavioral-gerontological research: a review.

This article analyzes the behavioral-gerontological research published before 1984. The 151 studies located were classified into three main categories: observation, assessment, and intervention. Each study and each category were examined for variations in the behavioral procedures employed, and in the scientific research methods used to collect and analyze data. The survey indicated several serious problems in the research. Much of the behavioral-gerontological research focuses on institutionalized elderly, and tends to perpetuate a passive, helpless role on the part of the elderly in the treatment process. Less than 20 percent of the studies focused on observation or assessment, and most of these were found to be flawed. The intervention studies were also problematic; the majority of them were of short duration and had only one treatment phase which did not vary substantially during the study period. Most also failed to provide for interobserver agreement, generalization, maintenance, and follow-up assessments. Finally, the implications of these findings for future psychological research with the elderly are discussed.