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BreakNet: discontinuity-resilient multi-scale transformer segmentation of retinal layers.
Biomed Opt Express
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) is gaining traction for retinal imaging due to its high resolution and functional capabilities. However, the significant absorption of hemoglobin in the visible light range leads to pronounced shadow artifacts from retinal blood vessels, posing challenges for accurate layer segmentation. In this study, we present BreakNet, a multi-scale Transformer-based segmentation model designed to address boundary discontinuities caused by these shadow artifacts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStereotactic Frame-based Targeting of the Posterior Fossa: A systematic workflow for the Leksell G Frame.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
December 2024
Introduction Cerebellar deep brain stimulation (DBS) is gaining traction as a potential treatment for movement disorders and stroke and there is renewed interest in the cerebellum as a target for neuromodulation. Despite the safety and accuracy of frame-based approaches to the posterior fossa, unconventional stereotactic frame placement may be necessary to allow for low posterior fossa trajectories. Current literature lacks a comprehensive protocol detailing inverted frame placement and targeting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Endothermal pupilloplasty : A minimally traumatic technique for centering the pupil in patients with corectopia. Video article].
Ophthalmologie
December 2024
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
Objective Of Surgery: The aim of endothermal pupilloplasty (EP) is to optimize centering of the pupil, contour, or size.
Indications: The EP is performed in patients with congenital or acquired corectopia or an irregular pupil shape. In individual cases the technique has also been used to tighten the iris in floppy iris syndrome and to adapt iris tissue edges in patients with sectoral iris defects or iridodialysis.
Altered Mechanobiology of PDAC Cells with Acquired Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel.
Cancers (Basel)
November 2024
Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma acquired resistance to chemotherapy poses a major limitation to patient survival. Despite understanding some biological mechanisms of chemoresistance, much about those mechanisms remains to be uncovered. Mechanobiology, which studies the physical properties of cells, holds promise as a potential target for addressing the challenges of chemoresistance in PDAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-World Performance of Pneumothorax-Detecting Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and its Impact on Radiologist Reporting Times.
Acad Radiol
October 2024
Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (K.B., N.S., S.M.A.B., C.M., D.C., B.R., A.G.). Electronic address:
Rationale And Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in radiology capable of detecting urgent findings have gained significant traction in recent years, but the impact of these algorithms on real-world clinical practice remains unclear with need for scientific investigation. Our study investigates the diagnostic accuracy and impact on radiologist report turnaround times of an FDA-approved AI tool for pneumothorax (PTx) detection on inpatient chest X-rays (CXR) in our institution's radiology practice at a large academic medical center.
Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 27,397 frontal, single-view CXRs of adult inpatients collected consecutively between August 2020 and April 2021 following deployment of an AI-based PTx detection and picture archiving and communication system (PACS) alert system.
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