Background: Depression is one of the biggest global health problems, especially among emerging adults (18 to 25). A negative body image is a well-known risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. However, little is known about how different aspects of body image relate to depressive symptoms. Therefore, the current study explores the relation between body satisfaction, body investment, and depressive symptoms, moderated by sex and physical activity, among a non-clinical sample of emerging adults.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from 410 Dutch emerging adults (M = 21.95 years, SD = 1.98, 80.60% women) within a convenience sample was used within a hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Results: Results showed that a higher body satisfaction and more body investment were related to fewer depressive symptoms. This relation was somewhat stronger for body investment than for body satisfaction. Furthermore, the relation between lower body satisfaction and more depressive symptoms was stronger for participants with a lower level of physical activity. No other moderation effects were found.
Limitations: This results should be seen within the light of their limitations. This study used cross-sectional data and therefore no causal relations can be determined. Also, the sample was biased in which mostly highly educated females participated.
Conclusions: However, this research is unique for adding different concepts of body image in one model. The findings propose that interventions regarding depressive symptoms among emerging adults should focus, next to body satisfaction, on the emotional investment in the body and the enhancement of physical activity.
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