Reorganization of heart failure management and improved outcome - the 4D HF Project.

Heart failure (HF) management is suboptimal in Sweden despite available evidence-based guidelines. To improve HF treatment, a comprehensive HF management program (4D project) was implemented in the Stockholm County (>2.1 million inhabitants). A standardized care program centralized at five hospital-based HF clinics was implemented in 2014-2017. We registered from 2012 to 2017: (1) numbers of referrals and visits to HF clinics, (2) numbers of hospital admitted patients per million inhabitants, (3) dispensed HF medications after admission, and (4) covariate-adjusted 1-year all-cause mortality or HF readmission. Yearly visits to the five HF outpatient clinics increased 3.4 times from 3,372 to 11,527. Dispensed HF drug prescriptions increased, in particular, for readmitted patients, compared to 2012 (<.0001. Total number of hospital admitted HF patients as well as new-onset or readmitted HF patients decreased by 16, 13, and 20%, respectively ( < .0001). The combined 1-year mortality or HF readmission over the period was 48% ( = 17,124/35,880) and improved per year (HR 0.98 [0.97-0.99],  < .001) from 2012. A comprehensive standardized care HF management program including expanded HF clinics was associated with improved evidence-based medication, reduced HF hospitalization, and improvement of the combined outcome of 1-year mortality or HF readmission in Stockholm.