AI Article Synopsis
- Silicic volcanic activity is typically seen as either explosive or effusive, but recent evidence shows these behaviors can happen at the same time.
- The authors propose that rhyolitic magma breaks apart as it rises through the crust, causing effusive eruptions from blockages and solidification of fragments deeper underground.
- Their model is supported by evidence like the low volatility of rhyolitic lavas, observations of textures indicating a pyroclastic origin, numerical simulations of small ash particles, and overlapping ascent rates of explosive and effusive eruptions.
Article Abstract
Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent through the upper crust and that effusive eruptions result from conduit blockage and sintering of the pyroclastic products of deeper cryptic fragmentation. Our proposal is supported by (i) rhyolitic lavas are volatile depleted; (ii) textural evidence supports a pyroclastic origin for effusive products; (iii) numerical models show that small ash particles ≲10 m can diffusively degas, stick, and sinter to low porosity, in the time available between fragmentation and the surface; and (iv) inferred ascent rates from both explosive and apparently effusive eruptions can overlap. Our model reconciles previously paradoxical observations and offers a new framework in which to evaluate physical, numerical, and geochemical models of Earth's most violent volcanic eruptions.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7531874 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7940 | DOI Listing |
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