Direct and indirect therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine as an add-on for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in many countries. The current treatment for non-proliferative DR (NPDR) using Western medicine (WM) alone is insufficient. At present, the combination of NPDR treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and WM is universally applied. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM as an add-on for NPDR using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM for NPDR treatment along with WM before July 6, 2019, were collected from the , , , , and . Relevant data were extracted by two reviewers. statistics was adopted to appraise heterogeneity. If  < 50% the fixed-effects model was employed, otherwise a random-effect model was employed. (PROSPERO: CRD42019134947).

Result: Eighteen RCTs (1522 patients) were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that compared with WM alone, TCM (including Compound Xueshuantong Capsule, Qiming Granule, and others) combined with WM for NPDR could improve the overall effiicacy [n = 1686, RR 1.24 (1.18,1.30),  < 0.00001,  = 0%], and reduce the influence of risk factors related to NPDR, such as glycated hemoglobin level [n = 360, MD - 0.85 (- 1.28, - 0.41),  = 0.0001,  = 72%], triglyceride (P < 0.00001), and total cholesterol ( = 0.0008). Moreover, no serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion: Compared with WM alone, TCM + WM could significantly improve NPDR and also reduce the correlation levels of risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia. However, the small sample included in the study might lead to a publication bias, and therefore, our results should be treated with caution.