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United States and European Union laws demand separate clinical studies in children as a condition for drugs' marketing approval. Justified by carefully framed pseudo-scientific wordings, more so the European Medicines Agency than the United States Food and Drug Administration, "Pediatric Drug Development" is probably the largest abuse in medical research in history. Preterm newborns are immature and vulnerable, but they grow.

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Availability, pricing, and affordability of antithrombotic medicines in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for health policy.

J Pharm Health Care Sci

January 2025

Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Antithrombotic medications are essential for the management of abnormal clot formation. However, their availability, pricing, and affordability in Ethiopia, particularly in Addis Ababa, have not been comprehensively studied.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess the availability, pricing, and affordability of essential antithrombotic medicines.

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Background: Kazakhstan inherited the Semashko health system model, known for the centralized adoption of rules at the Ministry of Health (MoH) level that regulate the healthcare system. In 2019 MoH established a national framework with indicators aimed at collecting qualitative and quantitative data from healthcare organizations as part of their annual self-evaluation, and biannual external evaluation by the National Research Center for Health Development (NRCHD). The purpose of this study was to pilot the MoH framework on rational use of medicines and evaluate its effects on medicine use practices in health care organizations and at the national level.

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Plasma S100β is a predictor for pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Fluids Barriers CNS

January 2025

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Ave, 124 HKRB, Lexington, KY, 40536-0679, USA.

Background: Blood-brain barrier dysfunction is one characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is recognized as both a cause and consequence of the pathological cascade leading to cognitive decline. The goal of this study was to assess markers for barrier dysfunction in postmortem tissue samples from research participants who were either cognitively normal individuals (CNI) or diagnosed with AD at the time of autopsy and determine to what extent these markers are associated with AD neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and cognitive impairment.

Methods: We used postmortem brain tissue and plasma samples from 19 participants: 9 CNI and 10 AD dementia patients who had come to autopsy from the University of Kentucky AD Research Center (UK-ADRC) community-based cohort; all cases with dementia had confirmed severe ADNC.

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Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare but devastating hereditary disease. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is caused by a mutation in the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 gene (NRTK1). The condition is characterized by multiple injuries, recurrent infections, and mental retardation.

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