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The Association of Race With Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome: Nationwide Cohort Study.
Liver Int
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Introduction: Racial/ethnic disparities have been previously reported in renal and hepatic disease care; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of cirrhosis (hepatorenal syndrome [HRS]-AKI) despite its complexity requiring a multidisciplinary approach, remains understudied.
Methods: To identify unique associations of clinical and sociodemographic factors with mortality and length of stay (LOS) among patients hospitalised with HRS-AKI, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted, along with a mediation analysis to estimate how race-related differences in in-hospital mortality were influenced by payer type, area household income, and clinical severity.
Results: Black patients demonstrated a significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, compared to their white counterparts, adjusting for (1) sex and age, (2) sex, age, payer type, and area household income and (3) sex, age, and clinical severity [OR 1.
Respiratory chronic health conditions and racial disparities associated with e-cigarette use: a cross-sectional analysis using behavioral risk factor surveillance data.
Front Public Health
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), mainly caused by cigarette smoking, is one of the leading causes of death in the United States (US) and frequent asthma attacks are often exacerbated by cigarette use. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often used to quit cigarette smoking. Prevalence of COPD, asthma, cigarette use, and e-cigarette use differs between racial/ethnic groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTiming of Infection as a Key Driver of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality Rates During the Prevaccine Period.
Open Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 mortality are driven by inequalities in group-specific incidence rates (IRs), case fatality rates (CFRs), and their interaction. For emerging infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, group-specific IRs and CFRs change on different time scales, and inequities in these measures may reflect different social and medical mechanisms. To be useful tools for public health surveillance and policy, analyses of changing mortality rate disparities must independently address changes in IRs and CFRs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal Health and Peace: The Elusive Path with a Focus on Palestine, Ukraine, and Venezuela.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy
December 2024
Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
The interrelationality of health and peace is complex, multifactorial, and imbued with political and economic challenges. Peace and health outcomes reflect shared fundamental values related to the achievement of a balanced holistic condition on the individual and collective level. This causal relationship between social inequity and health requires special attention be paid to the impact of political instability and structural violence on undermining health systems in conflict zones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Latina, Latino, Latinx, Latine, Hispanic, or of Spanish origin+ (LHS+) women face higher cervical cancer risks, incidence, and mortality compared to non-Hispanic White women. These disparities are attributable to socioeconomic factors, limited access to health care, language and cultural barriers, and negative health care experiences.
Methods: We used the Kern model to design, implement, and evaluate a workshop to educate medical students and health care professionals on cervical cancer disparities among LHS+ women and culturally competent communication skills.
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