Individual, interpersonal and economic challenges of underemployment in the wake of COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 has caused economic slowdown all across the globe. It results in job loss on the one hand and less wages, increased working hours, overqualified employees and part time jobs on the other hand. Low demand of labour and a huge availability of work force will put many in a disadvantageous position, where they will have to compromise with the circumstances by being underemployed. Cabinet decisions, by some Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, to suspend the labour laws related to minimum wage, bonus, working hours and other employee benefits will put workers in a highly disadvantageous position of being underemployed. This may lead to many socio-economic, psychological and health-related implications.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the concept of underemployment, its types and consequences.

Methodology: A critical and constructive analysis of the literature was performed.

Results: The findings reveal that if employment does not provide workers with proper opportunities to use their education, time, skills and expertise, it can create stressful situations in workers' lives.

Conclusion: The problem needs both a diagnosis and robust treatment in order to have better outcomes at the individual, organisational and national levels.