Background: Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. With a dearth of data on neonatal sepsis in our country, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of clinical neonatal sepsis and evaluate the clinical, bacteriological, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of organisms. . A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatal Unit of the National Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2016. All neonates admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were included. Sepsis screens and cultures were sent under aseptic conditions. Data was analyzed using STATA™ version 12. Clinical features and neonatal and maternal risk factors were analyzed using chi-squared test. Bacteriological profile was analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Results: During the study period, incidence of culture positive neonatal sepsis was 19 per 1000 admissions with a blood culture positivity rate of 14%. 54.5% had culture-positive early-onset sepsis (EOS). Prematurity ( = 0.012), APGAR < 6 ( = 0.018), low birth weight ( < 0.001), and maternal intrapartum antibiotics ( = 0.031) significantly increased risk for culture-positive EOS. Prematurity ( < 0.001), low birth weight ( = 0.001), and parental nutrition ( = 0.007) were significantly associated with increased risk of culture-positive late-onset sepsis. A positive screen had sensitivity of 81.8% and negative predictive value of 87.7%. Gram-negative organisms were most commonly isolated (64.6%). Coagulase-negative (31%) were the commonest isolate followed by (27%) and (18.8%). Ninety percent of were carbapenem resistant. Gram-negative sepsis had mortality of 88.9%.
Conclusion: Preterm, low birth weight, low APGAR scores, intrapartum antibiotics, and parental nutrition were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. Coagulase-negative , , and were the principal causative organisms. Gram-negative organisms had high resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1835945 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydgier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Neonatal sepsis, a severe infection in newborns, remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among preterm infants. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of pathogens responsible for early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS), the annual variability of pathogens responsible for each type of infection, and potential trends in their profiles in preterm infants from a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit over a ten-year period. We analyzed 177 episodes of confirmed bloodstream infection between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Sepsis is a risk factor associated with increasing neonatal morbidity and mortality, acute lung injury, and chronic lung disease. While stem cell therapy has shown promise in alleviating acute lung injury, its effects are primarily exerted through paracrine mechanisms rather than local engraftment. Accumulating evidence suggests that these paracrine effects are mediated by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which play a critical role in immune system modulation and tissue regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet J
January 2025
Gulbali Institute, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Booroma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia.
Sepsis is a main cause of death in neonatal foals. While the syndrome is not completely understood, sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response of the host to infection. It can be difficult to diagnose because of varying and non-specific clinical signs and imperfect diagnostic tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Hematol Oncol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, TMU, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Leukemia symptoms occurring in the first 4 weeks of infancy are known as congenital leukemia. We present a case of congenital leukemia in a full-term neonate manifesting at birth with a grossly distended abdomen due to a large abdominal mass. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a large abdominal mass originating from the liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Esophageal atresia is one of the most common life-threatening congenital malformations and is defined as an interruption in the continuity of the esophagus with or without fistula to the trachea or bronchi. Definitive treatment is surgical ligation of the fistula if present and esophageal end-to-end anastomosis of the two pouches, thereby reconstructing the continuity of the esophagus. During this procedure, the surgeon may choose to either ligate or preserve the azygos vein, a major draining vein for the esophagus and surrounding structures, but no definitive consensus on the matter exists.
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