Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify contrast-enhanced ultrasound enhancement of focal fatty sparing (FFS) and focal fatty infiltration (FFI) and compare it with adjacent liver parenchyma.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study yielding 42 cases in the last 4 years. Inclusion criteria were a focal liver lesion, adequate video availability, and an established diagnosis of FFS or FFI based on clinical or imaging follow-up or a second modality. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations were performed with a standard low-mechanical index technique. Commercially available software calculated quantitative parameters for a focal liver lesion and a reference area of liver parenchyma, producing relative indices.
Results: In total, 42 patients were analyzed (19 male) with a median age of 18 (interquartile range, 42) years and a median lesion diameter of 30 (interquartile range, 16) mm. The cohort included 26 with FFS and 16 with FFI. Subjectively assessed, 27% of FFS and 25% of FFI were hypoenhancing in the arterial phase, and 73% of FFS and 75% of FFI were isoenhancing. In the venous and delayed phases, all lesions were isoenhancing. The peak enhancement (P = .001), wash-in area under the curve (P < .01), wash-in rate (P = .023), and wash-in perfusion index (P = .001) were significantly lower in FFS compared with adjacent parenchyma but not the mean transit time. In the FFI subgroup, no significant difference was detected. Comparing relative parameters, only the wash-in rate was significantly (P = .049) lower in FFS than FFI. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years.
Conclusions: Focal fatty sparing shows significantly lower and slower enhancement than the liver parenchyma, whereas FFI enhances identically. Focal fatty sparing had a significantly slower enhancement than FFI.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jum.15494 | DOI Listing |
Surg Radiol Anat
January 2025
Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, 286-8520, Chiba, Japan.
Purpose: We present the case of a rare extrahepatic portocaval shunt that resulted in communication of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level between two right renal veins that was incidentally diagnosed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in an asymptomatic patient.
Methods: A woman in her sixties with abdominal pain and diarrhea of unclear origin underwent exploratory abdominal CECT.
Results: The CECT incidentally revealed an extrahepatic portocaval shunt, whereby a vessel arising from the portal vein superior to the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins drained into the posterior aspect of the IVC between two right renal veins.
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Introduction: Tumor tissues exhibit significantly lower oxygen partial pressure compared to normal tissues, leading to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and result in resistance to tumor treatments. Strategies to mitigate hypoxia include enhancing blood perfusion and oxygen supply, for example,by decomposing hydrogen peroxide within the tumor. Improving hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment could potentially improve the efficacy of cancer treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nanobiotechnology
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, China.
Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging because of its depth, which often leads to misdiagnosis during ultrasound examinations. The unique PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by significant fibrous tissue growth, and high interstitial pressure hinders drug penetration into tumors. Additionally, hypoxia and immune suppression within the tumor contribute to poor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, ultimately leading to an unfavorable prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Intern Med
January 2025
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine (HIM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a potentially reversible condition but often goes unnoticed with the risk for end-stage liver disease.
Purpose: To opportunistically estimate SLD on lung screening chest computed tomography (CT) and investigate its prognostic value in heavy smokers participating in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).
Material And Methods: We used a deep learning model to segment the liver on non-contrast-enhanced chest CT scans of 19,774 NLST participants (age 61.
Int J Nanomedicine
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound, The second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. However, there is a lack of effective means for early diagnosis due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. αvβ3 integrin, a crucial role in the growth and spread of tumors, is not only an effective biomarker for cancer angiogenesis, but also highly expressed in many tumor cells.
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