Monitoring PSA levels as chemical state-variables in metal-oxide memristors.

Medical interventions increasingly rely on biosensors that can provide reliable quantitative information. A longstanding bottleneck in realizing this, is various non-idealities that generate offsets and variable responses across sensors. Current mitigation strategies involve the calibration of sensors, performed in software or via auxiliary compensation circuitry thus constraining real-time operation and integration efforts. Here, we show that bio-functionalized metal-oxide memristors can be utilized for directly transducing biomarker concentration levels to discrete memory states. The introduced chemical state-variable is found to be dependent on the devices' initial resistance, with its response to chemical stimuli being more pronounced for higher resistive states. We leverage this attribute along with memristors' inherent state programmability for calibrating a biosensing array to render a homogeneous response across all cells. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this technology in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen in clinically relevant levels (ng/ml), paving the way towards applications in large multi-panel assays.