This review analyses the fundamental thermodynamic theory of the crude oil-brine-rock (COBR) interface and the underlying rock-brine and oil-brine interactions. The available data are then reviewed to outline potential mechanisms responsible for increased oil recovery from low salinity waterflooding (LSWF). We propose an approach to studying LSWF and identify the key missing links that are needed to explain observations at multiple length scales. The synergistic effect of LSWF on other chemical enhanced oil recovery methods such as surfactant, alkaline, nanoparticle and polymer flooding are also outlined. We specifically highlight key uncertainties that must be overcome to fully implement the technique in the field.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102253 | DOI Listing |
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA, USA.
We present the results of a 1-year study that quantified salt levels in stormwater, soils, and plant tissues from 14 stormwater detention basins across Northern VA in an above-average snow year. We characterize (1) the level of salt stress plants experience, (2) the extent to which current plant communities feature salt tolerant species, and (3) the capacity of these species to phytoremediate soils and reduce the impacts of deicer and anti-icer use. Our results suggest that detention basin vegetation experience a range of salt stress levels that depend on drainage area type (roads: moderate to high > parking lots: low to moderate > pervious areas: none).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Increasing soil salinity causes significant crop losses globally; therefore, understanding plant responses to salt (sodium) stress is of high importance. Plants avoid sodium toxicity through subcellular compartmentation by intricate processes involving a high level of elemental interdependence. Current technologies to visualize sodium, in particular, together with other elements, are either indirect or lack in resolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Pollut Bull
January 2025
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
Coastal deoxygenation impacts phytoplankton communities crucial for marine productivity. The inter- and intra-annual variability in phytoplankton communities at a shallow (27 m) station over the Western Indian Shelf (CaTS site, off Goa) during deoxygenation events of the late southwest monsoon (LSWM September-October) were studied from 2020 to 2023. The water column (0-27 m depth) experienced seasonal hypoxia/anoxia at subsurface depths (0-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Process Impacts
January 2025
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Parsons Laboratory, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
The high salinity and organic content in oil and gas wastewaters can cause ion suppression during liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, diminishing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements in available methods. This suppression is severe for low molecular weight organic compounds such as ethanolamines (, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and ,-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA)). Here, we deployed solid phase extraction (SPE), mixed-mode LC, triple quadrupole MS with positive electrospray ionization (ESI), and a suite of stable isotope standards (, one per target compound) to correct for ion suppression by salts and organic matter, SPE losses, and instrument variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Process Impacts
January 2025
Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.
In surface waters, photodegradation is a major abiotic removal pathway of the neurotoxin monomethylmercury (MMHg), acting as a key control on the amounts of MMHg available for biological uptake. Different environmental factors can alter the rate of MMHg photodegradation. However, our understanding of how MMHg photodegradation pathways in complex matrixes along the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum respond to changes in salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is incomplete.
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