Focusing regions, also known as caustic regions, are the singular solutions to the amplitude function of optical fields. Focusing regions are generated by the envelope curve of a set of critical points, which can be of attractor or repulsor type. The nature of the critical point depends on the refractive index. An important property of the critical points is that they present charge-like features. When a focusing region is generated in media with a random refractive index, current-like effects appear, and the evolution of the focusing regions follows a diffusion behavior. The morphology of the focusing regions may generate vortices or "eternal solutions" of solitonic type in a nonlinear medium. Herein, the condition under which these effects occur is analyzed and experimentally corroborated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.400069 | DOI Listing |
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, often linked to diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. However, aggregated statistics can obscure heterogeneity across subtypes, age, gender, and regions. This study aimed to analyze global CKD trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and regional variations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Interv Aging
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, 253000, People's Republic of China.
Background: This study investigates the correlation between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and cognitive performance in the senior American population, focusing on those without diabetes from 2011 to 2014.
Methods: We analyzed data from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), focusing on non-diabetic participants aged 60 and older who completed cognitive tests: Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). WWI was calculated using waist circumference divided by the square root of body weight.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7365 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Physiopathologie (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy but its allogeneic application, using various strategies, faces significant challenges including graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. Recent advances using Virus Specific T cells to generate CAR-VST have demonstrated potential for enhanced persistence and antitumor efficacy, positioning CAR-VSTs as a promising alternative to conventional CAR-T cells in an allogeneic setting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CAR-VST development, emphasizing strategies to mitigate immunogenicity, such as using a specialized TCR, and approaches to improve therapeutic persistence against host immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
January 2025
Department of Product Design, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, College of Chinese & ASEAN Arts, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
Introduction: Differences exist in the rate of aging between individuals residing in urban and rural areas in China, with rural areas experiencing a more pronounced impact. Smart aging represents a prevalent future trend in this regard, though its development will inevitably face challenges. However, studies focusing on rural areas are scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
January 2025
Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
In addition to their advantages as promising methods for wastewater treatment, CWs exhibit poor performance in terms of N and P removal efficiency in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. By focusing on this issue, we designed CWs integrated with a biochar-doped activated carbon cloth (ACC) electrode and alum sludge from water treatment plants as a substrate to achieve concomitant organic matter and nutrient removal efficiency. Compared with the use of one layer of alum sludge in CWs (CWs-C3) with ACC electrodes inserted in two layers, which uses one layer of alum sludge, a significant improvement in removal efficiency was achieved (96% for COD; 89% for TN; and 77% for TP).
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