In order to talk about an event they see in the world, speakers have to build a conceptual representation of that event and generate a message that selects the pragmatically appropriate (e.g., informative) parts of that event that they want to talk about. To further understand the relationship between a speaker's conceptual representations and the pragmatic factors that influence message generation, this work investigates the extent to which different aspects of an event could be affected by pragmatic constraints. We focus specifically on source-goal motion events (e.g., a butterfly flying from a lamppost to a chair) because the conceptual structure of these events is well-understood, but the role that those representations play in message generation is yet unclear. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the pragmatic status of the source (e.g., the lamppost) - in particular, whether starting points of motion were or were not already known to an addressee. We found that sources were mentioned significantly more in the latter case, where they provided new, previously unknown information to the addressee. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the same pragmatic factors could affect goals, or endpoints of motion events (e.g., the chair), in the same way; results showed that they could not. We conclude that conceptually peripheral elements of an event (i.e., sources) are more susceptible to communicative factors than those elements which are conceptually privileged (i.e., goals). We consider the implications of our findings for the relationship between event cognition and pragmatics and discuss how theories of event cognition can be integrated into current models of language production. We also discuss the implications of our work for open issues in the domain of event cognition.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104447 | DOI Listing |
J Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Research Unit of Logopedics and the Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Finland.
Purpose: Children develop social-pragmatic understanding with the help of sensory, cognitive, and linguistic functions by interacting with other people. This study aimed to explore (a) associations between auditory, demographic, cognitive, and linguistic factors and social-pragmatic understanding in children who use bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs) or bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) and in typically hearing (TH) children and (b) the effect of the group (BiHA, BiCI, TH) on social-pragmatic understanding when the effects of demographic, cognitive, and linguistic factors are controlled for.
Method: The Pragma test was used to assess social-pragmatic understanding in 119 six-year-old children: 25 children who use BiHAs, 29 who use BiCIs, and 65 TH children.
Diabetologia
January 2025
MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Aims/hypothesis: UK standard care for type 2 diabetes is structured diabetes education, with no effects on HbA, small, short-term effects on weight and low uptake. We evaluated whether remotely delivered tailored diabetes education combined with commercial behavioural weight management is cost-effective compared with current standard care in helping people with type 2 diabetes to lower their blood glucose, lose weight, achieve remission and improve cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, randomised, parallel two-group trial.
Eur J Pediatr
January 2025
Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Roland Tillmann, Ärztenetz Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
Unlabelled: In pediatric outpatient care, overuse and misuse of antibiotics is linked to a high risk of adverse events and increased antibiotic resistance. In 2019, building upon the work of the Antibiotic Therapy in Bielefeld (AnTiB) project (founded in 2016), a collaboration among the AnTiB, the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI), and the Professional Association of Outpatient Pediatricians and Adolescent Physicians (BVKJ) was established to develop consensus recommendations for antibiotic therapy in pediatric outpatient settings in Germany. This working group became the Antibiotic Stewardship in Outpatient Pediatrics (ABSaP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Clin Nutr
January 2025
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Background: There are limited data on the amount of discretionary foods that people normally consume and consider as appropriate at one eating occasion. This study aimed to provide an overview of the range and assess differences of the 'normal portion size' and 'perceived appropriate portion size' of energy-dense nutrient-poor discretionary foods among consumers aged 18-65 years.
Methods: To measure normal and perceived appropriate portion sizes, a validated online image-series questionnaire consisting of eight successive portion size options for 15 discretionary foods was completed at two timepoints.
Front Psychol
December 2024
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the fundamental patterns and characteristics of poverty-alleviation behavior strategies among rural poor population. It aims to examine the association between the key socio-demographic characteristics of these populations and their poverty-alleviation strategies, thereby identifying the individual and sociocultural factors related to these behaviors.
Methods: This study employs a questionnaire designed to assess poverty-alleviation behavior strategies among rural poor population.
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