AI Article Synopsis
- * The study examines the impact of human and economic development on groundwater microbial pollution in India, finding that while economic growth generally leads to improved sanitation, poor practices and water quality in certain areas can negate these benefits.
- * High-resolution modeling indicates that pollutants can move significantly faster in aquifers under certain agricultural practices, emphasizing the challenges in addressing water pollution despite efforts toward sustainable development goals.
Article Abstract
Worldwide, >2 billion people (~1/3 world population), mostly living in economically stressed areas of Africa and South Asia, still do not have access to basic sanitation, and ~1 billion still practice open defecation. Water pollution due to open defecation may primarily be linked to economy, and other factors such as social and hygiene practices, land use and hydrogeological parameters could also have sufficient influence. The present study describes the effect of human development index (HDI, 2001-2015) and economic development (NL, 1992-2013) on groundwater microbial pollution (FC, 2002-2017) across India. Economic development pattern suggested discernable inverse relationship with FC in most areas, although areas with inferior water quality, improper human practices were found to outweigh economic development. Vulnerability modelling, using these data, along with measured FC in groundwater-sourced drinking water locations (n = 235) demonstrated the heterogeneity of FC distribution potential in areas of homogenous economy, social practices, and land use. High-resolution numerical modelling of the advective transport of the hypothetical FC particles in the aquifers, suggest up to ~24 times faster movement of pollutants under irrigation-induced pumping regimes. Hence, the results of our study highlight and quantify the potential pitfalls that are possible hindrance for achieving the United Nations sustainable development goal, despite social and economic development, across the spatial scales.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01358-6 | DOI Listing |
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