Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Am J Surg Pathol
Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.
Published: February 2021
Background: Pseudocarcinomatous squamous hyperplasia (PSH) within the bone is uncommon and closely mimics well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It arises from cutaneous or mucosal surfaces and grows directly into the bone. This study analyzes a large series of PSH and discusses the clinicopathologic features that facilitate its distinction from SCC.
Design: Cases were identified from the surgical pathology files between 1985 and 2020.
Results: The 31 cases included 21 males, 9 females, 1 unknown sex; who were 20 to 87 years old (average: 59 y). Sites included mandible-17, maxilla-5, toes-4, and 1 case from finger, femur, tibia, ischium, and unknown. Fourteen patients had a history of SCC, 13 treated with resection and chemoradiation and developed infected osteoradionecrosis, 4-medication-related osteonecrosis, 3-peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, 3-trauma, 3-osteomyelitis, 3-unknown, and 1-hematologic malignancy. All cases exhibited severe osteomyelitis and nests of reactive keratinizing squamous epithelium that matured towards the bone surface, lacked significant atypia, or mitotic activity but permeated the medullary cavity. Patients with previous SCC developed PSH after 2 months to 8 years (average: 4 y). Nineteen of 30 patients had follow-up (2 to 48 mo, average: 17 mo); 6 patients experienced repeated debridements over 2 months to 1 year; no patient developed SCC.
Conclusions: PSH involving bone is infrequent, complicates severe osteomyelitis, and is often therapy related. The clinical findings are usually not concerning for malignancy, however, the histologic findings are an important diagnostic pitfall because they mimic SCC.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000001580 | DOI Listing |
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