Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is an important cause of neurological disease in Asia. JE vaccine is recommended for travelers with higher JE risk itineraries. Inactivated Vero cell culture-derived JE vaccine (JE-VC) is the only JE vaccine currently available in the United States. An inactivated mouse brain-derived JE vaccine (JE-MB) previously was available but production was discontinued. One JE-VC dose administered to adults previously vaccinated with ≥3 doses of JE-MB provides good short-term protection for at least one month, but data on longer-term protection are limited. We evaluated non-inferiority of the JE virus neutralizing antibody response at 12-23 months in JE-MB-vaccinated adults administered one JE-VC dose compared with JE vaccine-naïve adults administered a JE-VC two-dose primary series.
Methods: We obtained archived sera from U.S. military personnel and performed a 50% plaque reduction neutralization test for anti-JE virus neutralizing antibodies. We compared the geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroprotection rate at 12-23 months after one JE-VC dose in previously JE-MB-vaccinated personnel and after the second JE-VC dose in previously JE vaccine-naïve personnel. Non-inferiority was concluded if the lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the GMT ratio in previously vaccinated to vaccine-naïve personnel was >1/1.5.
Results: The GMT in previously JE-MB-vaccinated persons was 75 (95% CI 63-90) and in previously JE vaccine-naïve persons was 12 (95% CI 11-14), and seroprotection rates were 94% (235/250) and 54% (135/250), respectively. The ratio of GMTs was 6.3 (95% CI: 5.0-7.7), satisfying the criterion for non-inferiority.
Conclusions: One JE-VC dose in previously JE-MB-vaccinated military personnel provides good protection for at least 1-2 years. The benefits of administration of a single JE-VC dose in previously JE-MB-vaccinated adults include a shorter time to completion of re-vaccination before travel, a decrease in the risk of adverse events, and reduced costs.
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Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Acceptance and Strategies for Travelers: Insights from a Scoping Review and Practitioners in Endemic Countries.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2023
Department of Community Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- Japanese encephalitis (JE) is still a significant cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis for people in infected regions and travelers, stressing the importance of immunization due to the disease's high fatality rate.
- Between 2017 and 2023, research shows that local JE incidence has decreased, but adult travelers who are not vaccinated remain at a higher risk, with vaccination acceptance rates fluctuating between 0.2% and 28.5%.
- Recommended vaccination strategies for travelers include either a two-dose accelerated regimen of inactivated Vero cell vaccine or a single dosage of live attenuated vaccine, highlighting the need for improved awareness and preventive measures to mitigate JE risk for tourists.
Immune response at 12-23 months following a single dose of Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in adults previously vaccinated with mouse brain-derived JE vaccine.
Vaccine
October 2020
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is an important cause of neurological disease in Asia. JE vaccine is recommended for travelers with higher JE risk itineraries. Inactivated Vero cell culture-derived JE vaccine (JE-VC) is the only JE vaccine currently available in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdverse events following vaccination with an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the United States, 2012-2016.
Vaccine
July 2018
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States.
Background: In March 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration licensed an inactivated Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC [IXIARO®]) for use in persons aged ≥17 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term immunogenicity of an initial booster dose of an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC) and the safety and immunogenicity of a second JE-VC booster dose in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated, mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
Vaccine
March 2018
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Background: This study was performed with the aim of determining the long-term immunogenicity of an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (JE-VC) and an inactivated, mouse brain-derived JE vaccine (JE-MB) after the 1st booster dose at 2 years of age, as well as the safety and immunogenicity of the 2nd booster dose of JE-VC at 6 years of age, in children primed and given a 1st booster dose of either JE-VC or JE-MB.
Method: In this multicenter, open-label clinical trial, the study population consisted of healthy Korean children (aged 6 years) who participated in the previous JE vaccine trial. All subjects were subcutaneously vaccinated once for the booster immunization with Boryung Cell Culture Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine® (JE-VC).
Background: Although mouse brain-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines (JE-MBs) have been successfully used for a long time, potential rare neurological complications have prompted the development of a Vero cell culture-derived inactivated vaccine (JE-VC). In a phase III clinical study, we aimed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a JE-VC, KD-287 with a JE-MB, JEV-GCC, in children.
Methods: In this multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, the study population consisted of 205 healthy Korean children aged 12-23 months.
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