The availability of automatic data analysis tools and large databases have enabled new ways of studying language and communication that were not possible in the pre-information era. Here we apply a quantitative analysis to a large dataset of USA congressional speeches made over a period of 138 years. The analysis reveals that the readability index of congressional speeches increased consistently until the 96th congress, and then started to decline. Congressional speeches have also become more positive over time, and in general express more sentiments compared to speeches made in the 19th century or early 20th century. The analysis also shows statistically significant differences between Democratic and Republican congressional speeches.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04417 | DOI Listing |
Npj Complex
October 2024
Department of Physics, Dynamic Online Networks Lab, Washington, DC USA.
Local or national politics can be a catalyst for potentially dangerous hate speech. But with a third of the world's population eligible to vote in 2024 elections, we need an understanding of how individual-level hate multiplies up to the collective global scale. We show, based on the most recent U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFN Engl J Med
August 2024
From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (N.S.C., M.W., C.I., X.H., T.S.-C., M.V.N., A.S., K.S., S.D.S., D.M.B.), Computer Science (X.H., M.V.N.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.S.-C., A.S.), University of California, Davis, Davis, and the Departments of Neurosurgery (D.R.D., E.Y.C., J.M.H.), Electrical Engineering (E.M.K.), and Computer Science (C.F.), the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (E.M.K., J.M.H.), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (F.R.W.), and Bio-X (J.M.H.), Stanford University, Stanford - both in California; the Departments of Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis (M.F.G.); the School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University (L.R.H.), and the Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Rehabilitation Research and Development, VA Providence Healthcare (L.R.H.) - both in Providence, RI; and the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (L.R.H.).
Background: Brain-computer interfaces can enable communication for people with paralysis by transforming cortical activity associated with attempted speech into text on a computer screen. Communication with brain-computer interfaces has been restricted by extensive training requirements and limited accuracy.
Methods: A 45-year-old man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with tetraparesis and severe dysarthria underwent surgical implantation of four microelectrode arrays into his left ventral precentral gyrus 5 years after the onset of the illness; these arrays recorded neural activity from 256 intracortical electrodes.
Healthcare (Basel)
March 2024
National Audiology and Speech Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
Low- (or mild-) gain hearing aids (LGHAs) are increasingly considered for individuals with normal peripheral hearing but significant self-reported hearing difficulties (SHDs). This study assesses the benefits of LGHAs as a management option for individuals with normal hearing thresholds (NHTs) and SHDs, comparing LGHA use and benefit to individuals with non-significant hearing difficulties (NHDs) and those with peripheral hearing loss. Questionnaires addressing hearing aid usage, benefit, hearing difficulties, and tinnitus were administered to 186 individuals who self-identified as hearing aid users in a sample of 6652 service members who were receiving their annual hearing tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2023
Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
Campaign contributions are a staple of congressional life. Yet, the search for tangible effects of congressional donations often focuses on the association between contributions and votes on congressional bills. We present an alternative approach by considering the relationship between money and legislators' speech.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Palliat Med
July 2023
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Death anxiety, represented by the HDQLIFE™ Concern with Death and Dying (CwDD) patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire, captures a person's worry about the death and dying process. Previous work suggests that death anxiety remains an unremitting burden throughout all stages of Huntington disease (HD). Although palliative interventions have lessened death anxiety among people with advanced cancer, none has yet to undergo testing in the HD population.
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