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Tumour vasculature: Friend or foe of oncolytic viruses? | LitMetric

Tumour vasculature: Friend or foe of oncolytic viruses?

Cytokine Growth Factor Rev

Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address:

Published: December 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • Recent advances in understanding oncolytic viruses (OVs) highlight their dual ability to directly kill tumor cells and indirectly stimulate immune responses against cancer.
  • There are two contrasting strategies in using OVs: one targets tumor blood vessels to starve tumors, while the other aims to normalize these vessels to improve the delivery of the OVs and other treatments.
  • The article discusses the development of therapies that either shut down or normalize tumor vasculature, intending to optimize the effectiveness of OV-based cancer therapies.

Article Abstract

In the past two decades there have been substantial advances in understanding the anti-cancer mechanisms of oncolytic viruses (OVs). OVs can mediate their effects directly, by preferentially infecting and killing tumour cells. Additionally, OVs can indirectly generate anti-tumour immune responses. These differing mechanisms have led to a paradoxical divergence in strategies employed to further increase the potency of oncolytic virotherapies. On one hand, the tumour neovasculature is seen as a vital lifeline to the survival of the tumour, leading some to use OVs to target the tumour vasculature in hopes to starve cancers. Therapeutics causing vascular collapse can potentiate tumour hypoxia, nutrient restriction and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, which has shown promise in oncological studies. On the other hand, the same vasculature plays an important role for the dissemination of OVs, trafficking of effector cells and other therapeutics, which has prompted researchers to find ways of normalizing the vasculature to enhance infiltration of leukocytes and delivery of therapeutic agents. This article describes the recent developments of therapies aimed to shut down versus normalize tumour vasculature in order to inform researchers striving to optimize OV-based therapies.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.007DOI Listing

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