Endocrinological Abnormalities in Autism.

A number of chemical messengers, such as various hormones and hormone-like substances, along with neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, are directly or indirectly linked with the encoding of social behavior via their action at the amygdala, hippocampus, and other related brain structures known to be involved in different aspects of social development. It is thought that any imbalance in the secretion and action of these chemicals may lead to defective or abnormal social behaviors that are the hallmarks of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Many of the studies have described an association between ASDs and endocrine dysfunction, but have failed to establish a cause-effect connection between these 2 conditions. All together, the literature regarding the role of endocrine-related factors and ASDs is sparse and remains somewhat preliminary, controversial, and inconclusive. Thus, more research is needed in the future to shed more light on this topic.