Biometric traits of onion (Allium cepa L.) exposed to Cs and Am under hydroponic cultivation.

To elucidate the features of bioaccumulation and phytotoxic effects of long-lived artificial radionuclides, a hydroponic experiment was carried out with the cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.) in low-mineralized solutions spiked with Cs (250 kBq L) or Am (9 kBq L). After the 27-day growth period, ≈70% of Cs and ≈14% of Am were transferred from the solutions to onion biomass with transfer factor values ≈ 400 and ≈ 80, respectively. Since the bioaccumulation of both radionuclides mainly took place in the roots of onion (77% Cs and 93% Am of the total amount in biomass), edible organs - bulbs and leaves - were protected to some extent from radioactive contamination. At the same time, the incorporation of the radionuclides into the root tissues caused certain changes in their biometric (geometric and mass) traits, which were more pronounced under the Am-treatment of onion. Exposure to Am significantly reduced the number, length, and total surface area of onion roots by 1.3-2.6 times. Under the influence of Cs, the dry-matter content in roots decreased by 1.3 times with a corresponding increase in the degree of hydration of the root tissues. On the whole, the data obtained revealed the specific features of Cs and Am behaviour in "hydroponic solution - plant" system and suggested that biometric traits of onion roots could be appropriate indicators of phyto(radio)toxicity.