Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The clinical features and course of bipolar disorder differ between women and men; however, studies are limited in Indian population. The objective of this study was to identify gender differences in patients with bipolar disorder. This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study conducted over a period of 25 months. The sample consisted of 110 males and 90 females with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Socio-demographic and clinical details were collected using semi-structured proforma. All patients were evaluated on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus, Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale and Clinical Global Impression. Sample consisted of 55% men and 45% women. The total number of episodes was similar between genders, however, the number of manic episodes (p = 0.004) was significantly more in males and the number of depressive (p = 0.003) and mixed episodes (p = 0.018) were significantly more in females. Majority of males had first episode of mania, whereas, first episode in females were mostly depressive (p < 0.001). Comorbid physical disorders were seen in 61.1% females and 40% males. Bipolar disorder subtype, episode types and number varied across gender. Co-morbid hypothyroidism, migraine, and obesity are seen more often in women and substance use was higher in men.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09838-y | DOI Listing |
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