Transcriptomic profiling in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by different parasite species, is associated with parasite-induced immune-mediated skin inflammation and ulceration. Whereas many CL studies focus on gene expression signatures in mouse models, the transcriptional response driving human patients in the field is less characterized. Human studies in CL disease provide the opportunity to directly investigate the host-pathogen interaction in the cutaneous lesion site.

Areas Covered: Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, particularly their application for evaluation of the global gene expression changes, have made transcriptomics as a powerful tool to understand the pathogen-host molecular interactions.

Expert Commentary: In this review, we focus on the transcriptomics studies that have been performed so far on human blood or tissue-driven samples to investigate parasites interplay with the CL patients. Further, we summarize microarray and RNA-seq studies associated with lesion biopsies of CL patients to discuss how current whole genome analysis along with systems biology approaches have developed novel CL biomarkers for further applications, not only for research, but also for accelerating vaccine development.