An inhalation method of ethanol administration was used to study the effects of 14 days of ethanol administration on the immune and hematopoietic systems of the rat. A decrease in cellularity was found in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow of ethanol-treated rats. Although the red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration were not significantly different between treatment and control groups, treatment with ethanol altered the relative proportion of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood. The granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in the bone marrow were unaffected by ethanol treatment, but a significant decline in the number of erythroid progenitor cells was noted in ethanol-treated rats. Splenic lymphocytes, although fewer in number in the ethanol-treated rats, showed no significant difference in ability to proliferate when stimulated by nonspecific mitogens.
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