The paper describes and presents a new calculation strategy for the determination of the aircraft's resultant position using the GPS (Global Positioning System) SPP (Single Point Positioning) code method. The paper developed a concept of using the weighted average model with the use of measuring weights to improve the quality of determination of the coordinates and accuracy of GPS SPP positioning. In this research, measurement weights were used as a function of the number of GPS satellites being tracked, and geometric PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision) coefficient. The calculations were made using navigation data recorded by two independent GPS receivers: Thales Mobile Mapper and Topcon HiPerPro. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the RMS (Root Mean Square) accuracy of positioning for XYZ geocentric coordinates was better than 1.2% to 33.7% for the weighted average method compared to a single GPS SPP solution. The proposed approach is therefore of practical application in air navigation to improve the quality of aircraft positioning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174921 | DOI Listing |
Ecology
December 2024
Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcology
November 2024
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Am J Biol Anthropol
November 2024
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Objectives: Understanding disease transmission is a fundamental challenge in ecology. We used transmission potential networks to investigate whether a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) is spread through social, environmental, and/or zoonotic pathways in rural northeast Madagascar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
September 2024
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Protection, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea (the Republic of), 55365;
J Periodontol
August 2024
School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Background: This study investigated the agreement among dentists in classifying gingival phenotype (GP) through periodontal probe visibility (PPV) assessment with various probe types and the visual method. Additionally, the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated.
Methods: Photographs were taken with standard periodontal probe (SPP), color-coded periodontal probe (CCPP) tips in white, green, and blue, as well as metal phenotype probe (MPP) tips in gray and black.
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