The Institute of Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
Published: September 2020
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Multi-electron, multi-proton transfer is important in a wide spectrum of processes spanning biological, chemical and physical systems. These reactions have attracted significant interest due to both fundamental curiosity and potential applications in energy technology. In this Perspective Review, we shed light on modern aspects of electrode processes in the 21st century, in particular on the recent advances and challenges in multistep electron/proton transfers at solid-liquid interfaces. Ongoing developments of analytical techniques and operando spectrometry at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and reliable computational approaches to simulate complicated interfacial electrochemical reactions enable us to obtain microscopic insights about these complex processes, such as the role of quantum effects in electrochemical reactions. Our motivation in this Perspective Review is to provide a comprehensive survey and discussion of state-of-the-art developments in experiments, materials, and theories for modern electrode process science, as well as to present an outlook for the future directions in this field.
Phasing, the process of determining which alleles at different loci on homologous chromosomes belong together on the same chromosome, is crucial in the diagnosis and management of autosomal recessive diseases. Advances in long-read sequencing technologies have significantly enhanced our ability to accurately determine haplotypes. This review discusses the application of low-coverage long-read sequencing, nanopore Cas9-guided long-read sequencing, and adaptive sampling in phasing, highlighting their utility in complex clinical scenarios.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy.
Gastric cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, and its diagnosis and management are of paramount importance. Ectopic pancreas (EP) refers to an embryological abnormality where healthy pancreatic tissue develops without anatomical, vascular, or neural communication with the normal pancreas. We report the case of a patient whose initial endoscopic evaluation suggested early gastric cancer, but computed tomography scan (CT scan) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) indicated a locally advanced tumor.
Aim: This systematic review aims to synthesize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and outcomes of spinal dumbbell meningiomas to enhance understanding and improve patient management.
Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched until June 2024. Studies included patients diagnosed with spinal dumbbell intradural-extradural meningiomas, focusing on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes.
Aim: Anorectal diseases, often requiring surgical intervention and careful post-operative wound management, pose substantial challenges in healthcare. This study presents a novel application of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, aimed at improving the classification and analysis of post-surgical wound images. By doing so, it seeks to enhance patient outcomes through personalized and optimized wound care strategies.
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Characterizing the structures, interactions, and dynamics of molecules in their native liquid state is a long-existing challenge in chemistry, molecular science, and biophysics with profound scientific significance. Advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based imaging techniques with the use of graphene emerged as promising tools, mainly due to their performance on spatial and temporal resolution. This review focuses on the various approaches to achieving high-resolution imaging of individual molecules and their transient interactions.
