Shiraia bambusicola strain GDMCC 60438, originally isolated from eastern China, was applied for production of polysaccharides through submerged fermentation with glucose and potato extracts. Compared with a polysaccharide content of 3.94 ± 0.92% in natural Sh. bambusicola stroma, 9.12 ± 0.36 g intracellular polysaccharides (SIP) could be produced in 100 g freeze-dried Sh. bambusicola mycelium after an optimized fermentation. The SIP showed an 88.65 ± 2.26% hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) at the concentration of 4 mg/mL. It was higher than the 31.48 ± 3.12% HRSA of Sh. bambusicola stroma polysaccharide (SSP). In the meantime, a 5 mg/mL SIP showed an equivalent 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical (ABTS+) scavenging activity to ascorbic acid at 0.025 mg/mL. Gel chromatography analysis showed that the SIP had distinct polysaccharide fractions compared with the SSP. Submerged fermentation showed a promising prospect on high production of Sh. bambusicola polysaccharides with improved antioxidant activities.
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