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A Role for the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A New Conceptual Model.
Int J Eat Disord
December 2024
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Research Unit Behavioral Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by a severely restrictive diet leading to significant physical and/or psychosocial sequelae. Largely owing to the phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are relatively unknown. Recently, the communication between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the brain-the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis-has been implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis investigating the interplay between gut microbiota, immune cells, and melanoma skin cancer.
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Burn Department, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
This study aims to rigorously explore the potential causal relationships among gut microbiota (GM), immune cells, and melanoma skin cancer among participants from Europe, where this disease exhibits significant prevalence and profound societal impact. Using the genome-wide association analysis database, a double-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was drawn upon to investigate GM, immune cells, and melanoma skin cancer. The inverse variance weighted approach was applied to estimate the causal connections among these variables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEngineering dendritic cell biomimetic membrane as a delivery system for tumor targeted therapy.
J Nanobiotechnology
October 2024
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- Targeted immunotherapies improve cancer treatment by countering tumors' ability to suppress the immune system, leveraging advanced biomimetic technologies for precise drug delivery.
- * The use of dendritic cell (DC) membranes on nanoparticles enhances immune activation by targeting tumor environments and activating T cells effectively.
- * This review discusses the methods for creating DC membranes, their applications in cancer therapy, and how they could enhance treatment outcomes when combined with other therapies like chemotherapy and photodynamic treatments.
Imaging of the Inferior Mesenteric Vasculature.
Radiographics
November 2024
From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Article Synopsis
- The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and vein (IMV) are crucial for blood supply and drainage of the distal colon and rectum, but often overlooked in imaging due to their small size.
- The article discusses normal and abnormal appearances of these vessels, covering various vascular issues such as aneurysms, stenosis, and potential diagnostic clues that radiologists should be aware of.
- The authors emphasize the importance of recognizing the IMA and IMV in the context of gastrointestinal health and provide case examples to illustrate their relevance in diagnosing vascular abnormalities and collateral circulation.
Metabolic mediators: microbial-derived metabolites as key regulators of anti-tumor immunity, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Front Immunol
October 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Article Synopsis
- The human microbiome is gaining attention in cancer research, particularly its role in enhancing anti-tumor immunity and the effects of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
- The review highlights key microbial-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, TMAO, and tryptophan metabolites, which significantly influence immune responses and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
- It emphasizes the importance of understanding these metabolites for improving cancer treatment outcomes, focusing on their interactions with drug metabolism, immunotherapy, and potential alterations in treatment protocols.
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