Comprehensive Phytochemical Characterization of Herbal Parts from Kidney Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) by LC/MS and GC/MS.

Extracts of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) are becoming increasingly interesting as ingredients for the health and cosmetics industry. However, comprehensive phytochemical investigations of this plant are scant in the literature. Thus, the aim of the present work was an in-depth characterization of semi-polar constituents from A. vulneraria. To capture a broad spectrum of compounds, the aerial parts of A. vulneraria were extracted with EtOH/water and the resulting crude extracts fractionated by partition between AcOEt and BuOH. Secondary plant metabolites were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS and GC/MS. In a fraction obtained from the BuOH extract via Amberlite® XAD-7 purification glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and rhamnocitrin were detected by LC/MS , besides flavonoids acylated with meglutol (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid), acetic and ferulic acids. Moreover, aglycons were analyzed in extracts after 1 N HCl hydrolysis and derivatization with BSTFA. GC/MS analysis of the hydrolysates revealed the incidence of compounds like meglutol, OH/OMe-substituted benzoic acids, ferulic and fatty acids, flavonoids, sugars and the triterpenoid medicagenic acid. Furthermore, a hemolytic activity was detected in the AcOEt extract using a blood-agar assay, and this was ascribed to the occurrence of saponins. In a saponin fraction, obtained from the AcOEt extract by chromatographic purification, two main saponins were characterized by LC/MS and HR-ESI-MS . A pure sapogenin could be isolated via VLC and CC purification upon acid hydrolysis of the saponins and assigned to saikogenin D by NMR analysis.