Classification of , , and related genera (): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species.

The is a relatively large order of with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for and . Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the is given. The classification of the at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family is introduced and four known families are accepted: , , and . The includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the (, , , , , , , , , , , , , and ), eight in the (, , , , , , , ), two in the (, ) and one in the (). The classification of the was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family ( and ). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in and . Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in and is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, , the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in and are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 , 354 and 88 species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 (32 % increase), 483 (36 % increase) and 171 (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the (except those belonging to ). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (), calmodulin () and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit () gene sequences.