Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are, respectively, the most prevalent and fastest growing neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. The former is primarily characterized by memory loss and the latter by the motor symptoms of tremor and bradykinesia. Both AD and PD are progressive diseases that share several key underlying mitochondrial, inflammatory, and other metabolic pathologies. This review will detail how these pathologies intersect with ketone body metabolism and signaling, and how ketone bodies, particularly d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), may serve as a potential adjunctive nutritional therapy for two of the world's most devastating conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.003 | DOI Listing |
Metab Brain Dis
January 2025
Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the elderly population and is the leading cause of dementia. Meanwhile, the vascular hypothesis suggests that vascular damage occurs in the early stages of the disease, leading to neurodegeneration and hindered waste clearance, which in turn triggers a series of events including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and Tau protein tangles. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been found to be involved in the regulation of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
January 2025
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China.
Epilepsy (EP) is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, sudden neuronal discharges. Seizures increase extracellular glutamate levels, causing excitotoxic damage. Glutamate transporter type 1 (GLT-1) and its human homologue excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT2) clear 95% of extracellular glutamate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Pukou Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Inflammation, a central process in numerous diseases, plays a crucial role in hepatic disorders, arthritis, cardiac conditions, and neurodegenerative ailments. Given the lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs, it is imperative to assess inflammation severity and explore novel therapeutics. Selenocysteine (Sec), a key mediator of selenium's biological function, is closely involved in anti-inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurosci Ther
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are common neurodegenerative diseases with distinct but overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. The clinical similarities between these diseases often result in high misdiagnosis rates, leading to serious consequences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are easy to collect and can accurately reflect the immune characteristics of both DLB and AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Commun Signal
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, China.
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are recognized as key factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, yet effective interventions and biomarkers to address oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in these conditions are limited. Uric acid (UA), traditionally associated with gout, is now gaining prominence as a potential target in neurodegenerative diseases. Soluble UA stands out as one of the most vital antioxidant compounds produced by the human body, accounting for up to 55% of the extracellular capacity to neutralize free radicals.
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