Harnessing the antibacterial activity of and against antibiotic-resistant Typhi and Enteritidis of poultry origin.

Background And Aim: In a scenario of the ineffectiveness of the current drugs against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the herbal extracts can serve as an alternative remedy. This study appraises the antibacterial potency of (gall), (fruit) individually and synergistically against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Typhi and Enteritidis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Further, the antibacterial phytocompounds were identified employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Materials And Methods: Preliminary antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was assessed using the agar disk diffusion method. evaluations of methanolic extract (QIME) and methanolic extract (PEME) against . Typhi and . Enteritidis were carried out using plate count method.

Results: QIME and PEME at a dose rate of 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively, had a complete bactericidal effect on AMR . Typhi and . Enteritidis whereas 10 log CFU/ml of exponential growth was seen in untreated control groups. At the lower concentrations, QIME and PEME had a significant bacteriostatic effect (3-6 log reduction of the test isolates). The synergistic antibacterial effect obtained from the combination of these two plant extracts at 12.5 mg/ml was superior (p<0.001) than the individual treatments. Phytochemical profiling indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in both the plant extracts. GC-MS analysis of QIME and PEME revealed the presence of 16 and 15 antibacterial phytocompounds, respectively. Further 1, 2, 3 Benzenetriol was found as the prominent active principle.

Conclusion: The findings validate that QIME and PEME are potential antibacterial agents against AMR . Typhi, . Enteritidis and can play a promising role in antimicrobial packaging, poultry feed additives and can also serve as a platform for formulating effective phytotherapeutics.