Establishment and elicitation of transgenic root culture of and evaluation of its anti-bacterial and cytotoxicity activity.

Hairy root induction in was optimized to take advantage of transformed root cultures. The highest frequency of transformation was achieved using leaf explant, A4 strain, pre-cultivation of explant, 150 µM Acetosyringone, 5 min inoculation, half-strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium as co-cultivation, and half-strength Gamborg's basal medium as a selective medium with 3% sucrose. Among the studied compound encompassing gallic acid, catalpol and apigenin, only the production of gallic acid in hairy roots was affected by 20 mg L AgNO and 100 mg L chitosan at 24 hr which yielded 7.63, 4.76-fold increase in its content, respectively. The methanolic extracts of hairy roots elicited by 20 mg L AgNO exhibited anti-bacterial activity (MIC and MBC = 25 mg mL) against , and and anti-bacterial potential of non-elicited hairy roots of (MIC = 25 mg mL and MBC = 35 mg mL) were more active against and than other bacteria. The methanolic extracts of the hairy roots demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity on colorectal carcinoma cell line (SW-480) with IC = 250.65 ± 6.8 µg mL in comparison to human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) with IC = 5263.65 ± 4.6 µg mL. hairy roots showed important biological activity explaining its role in traditional medicine.