The increase in bilirubin levels in newborns can cause toxic effects on the auditory system, which can lead to hearing loss. This review aimed to verify the impact of hyperbilirubinemia in the hearing of newborns, relating audiological findings to serum levels of bilirubin. A literature review was conducted during October 2017, using the terms "hyperbilirubinemia", "jaundice", "infant", "newborn" and "hearing loss", on databases CAPES journals, MEDLINE and BIREME (SciELO, BBO). 827 studies were identified and 59 were selected for full-text reading, resulting in the selection of seven articles that met the inclusion criteria and were considered relevant to the sample of this study. All the reviewed studies performed brainstem auditory evoked potential as the main test for audiological evaluation. Changes in the audiological findings of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were observed in all studies. There was no consensus on the serum bilirubin levels that may cause auditory changes; however, the relationship between hearing disorders and blood levels of bilirubin was positive. We identify the need to establish reference values for bilirubin levels considered critical for the occurrence of hearing disorders as well as the audiological follow-up of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
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