Immunocompromised patients account for about 3% of the US population. Complications arising from infection are common in these patients and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This article describes the pathophysiology of immunosuppression in five common immunocompromised states-asplenia, HIV infection, solid organ transplant, biologic use, and cancer-as well as specific infectious risks and considerations for affected patients and how to manage them.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000694948.01963.f4 | DOI Listing |
Clin Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Background: Mold plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) PCR is a promising non-invasive diagnostic modality for early diagnosis of invasive mold disease (IMD) in immunocompromised patients. Although mold cfDNA PCR has been shown to be highly accurate, the value of invasive procedures to collect specimens for conventional fungal diagnostics following plasma cfDNA testing remains unclear.
Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included patients with mold plasma cfDNA PCR performed 7 days before or 2 days after invasive specimen collection.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res
February 2025
Department of Stomatology, Research Group GIU21/042, University of the Basque Country/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
Epstein-Barr virus (+) mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is an uncommon benign lymphoproliferative lesion that develops in immunocompromised patients. We present a special case of EBVMCU located in the peri-implant mucosa and we review the oral cases published to date. An 88-year-old man with no medical history of interest was attended in the dental clinic due to an ulcerated tumor located in the peri-implant mucosa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
CNS lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, or eyes, leading to severe neurological or ophthalmological complications. This case report details a 44-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who experienced permanent vision loss due to optic perineuritis, a rare presenting symptom indicative of underlying CNS involvement. Despite previous remission, imaging revealed focal enhancements suggesting CNS lymphoma, highlighting diagnostic and management challenges in relapsed lymphoma, especially in immunocompromised patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycoses
January 2025
Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
Background: Systemic endemic mycoses are systemic fungal infections typically found in tropical and subtropical regions. Their global incidence is rising, including in nonendemic countries, mainly due to migration and international travel. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in immunocompromised patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonaldi Arch Chest Dis
January 2025
Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
The identification of etiology is very important when managing patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In Pakistan, studies regarding the viral etiology in CAP are scarce. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of viral etiology in CAP patients and analyze the clinical features and their impact on prognosis.
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