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Distribution of informal caregiving for older adults living with or at risk of cognitive decline within and beyond family in rural South Africa.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
January 2025
MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objectives: Aging populations will increasingly need care, much of this provided informally particularly in rural areas and in low and middle-income countries. In rural South Africa, formal support is severely limited, and adult children are frequently unavailable due to morbidity, early mortality, employment and migration. We describe how care is shared within and between households.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Situ X-Ray Study During Thermal Cycle Treatment Combined with Complementary Ex Situ Investigation of InGaN Quantum Wells.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
In situ X-ray reciprocal space mapping was performed during the interval heating and cooling of InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown via metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Our detailed in situ X-ray analysis enabled us to track changes in the peak intensities and radial and angular broadenings of the reflection. By simulating the radial diffraction profiles recorded during the thermal cycle treatment, we demonstrate the presence of indium concentration distributions (ICDs) in the different QWs of the heterostructure (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStatistical Mechanics of Directed Networks.
Entropy (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Directed networks are essential for representing complex systems, capturing the asymmetry of interactions in fields such as neuroscience, transportation, and social networks. Directionality reveals how influence, information, or resources flow within a network, fundamentally shaping the behavior of dynamical processes and distinguishing directed networks from their undirected counterparts. Robust null models are crucial for identifying meaningful patterns in these representations, yet designing models that preserve key features remains a significant challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhosphate rebinding induces force reversal via slow backward cycling of cross-bridges.
Front Physiol
January 2025
Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
Objective: Previous studies on muscle fibers, myofibrils, and myosin revealed that the release of inorganic phosphate (P) and the force-generating step(s) are reversible, with cross-bridges also cycling backward through these steps by reversing force-generating steps and rebinding P. The aim was to explore the significance of force redevelopment kinetics (rate constant ) in cardiac myofibrils for the coupling between the P binding induced force reversal and the rate-limiting transition for backward cycling of cross-bridges from force-generating to non-force-generating states.
Methods: and force generation of cardiac myofibrils from guinea pigs were investigated at 0.
Corticocortical (CC) projections in the visual system facilitate hierarchical processing of sensory information. In addition to direct CC connections, indirect cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways through the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus can relay sensory signals and mediate cortical interactions according to behavioral demands. While the pulvinar connects extensively to the entire visual cortex, it is unknown whether transthalamic pathways link all cortical areas or whether they follow systematic organizational rules.
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