Catalytic effect of γ-Al(OH), α-FeOOH, and α-FeO on the ozonation-based decomposition of diethyl phthalate adsorbed on sand and soil.

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a pollutant which can be found on soils as a result of its widespread application in plastic industry. Soil contaminated with DEP requires the application of different chemical methods to attain its remediation. Among these methods, ozonation has proven to be effective against toxic soil pollutants. The presence of metal oxides in soil is a possible source of catalytic effect. In this study, it was analyzed the catalytic effect of goethite (α-FeOOH), hematite (α-FeO), and gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)) in combination with O to achieve DEP decomposition. The DEP elimination efficiency by ozonation on the sand increased according to the following order: without catalyst < γ-Al(OH) < α-FeO < α-FeOOH. Among these three oxides, goethite has the highest OH groups density. The reaction of OH groups and O favors the formation of oxidant species, such as O• and OH•. The effect of the moisture content, the catalyst concentration, and the type of soil (sand and calcined soil) were also studied. The latter had a significant influence on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The mineralization degree was 84% in the O-soil system, while only 40% was obtained with O-sand (α-FeOOH) in dry sand after 8 h of treatment. Calcined soil promoted the increase of TOC removal due to the presence of different metal oxides, which were active centers for O decomposition. The toxicity tests of the three reaction systems (O-sand, O-sand (α-FeOOH), and O-soil) were evaluated on lettuce seed germination before and after DEP ozonation.