What are the emotions underlying feeling fat and fear of weight gain?

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are most always accompanied by cognitive-affective comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. In addition to these common comorbidities, EDs are unique in that they are characterized by affective symptoms centered on body image and weight. Two of these primary, yet understudied, affective symptoms are feelings of fatness and fears of weight gain, which are theorized to be maintaining symptoms of EDs and are highly common in those with EDs. Despite the importance of these symptoms, there is no research characterizing which cognitive-affective symptoms contribute to feelings of fatness and fears of weight gain.

Methods: The current study (N=168 individuals with an ED) tested cross-sectional and prospective models of cognitive-affect variables (negative affect, guilt, shame, fear of negative evaluation, anxiety sensitivity, and depression) to identify which thoughts and emotions were uniquely associated and prospectively predicted feelings of fatness and fear of weight gain.

Results: Depression both cross-sectionally and prospectively predicted feeling fat over and above all other forms of affect. Fears of negative evaluation and depression were uniquely associated with fears of weight gain, and shame prospectively predicted fear of weight gain.

Limitations: Variables were self-reported, and the sample primarily consisted of women. Fear of weight gain and feelings of fatness were assessed using single items.

Conclusions: This research suggests that depression may be an important intervention target when individuals with an ED report feeling fat. Additionally, treatment targeting fear of negative evaluation, depression, and shame may decrease fears of weight gain.