Speed- and mode-dependent modulation of the center of mass trajectory in human gaits as revealed by Lissajous curves.

The central nervous system (CNS) achieves a stable gait at several speeds and modes while controlling diverse instability. An essential feature of a gait is the motion of the center of body mass (CoM). CoM motion is at larger risk for trespassing the base of support in the mediolateral direction than in the anteroposterior direction. How the CoM trajectory in the frontal plane changes depending on the speed or mode can thus provide insights about the neural control of stable gaits. Here, we reveal the speed- and mode-dependent modulations of the trajectory by utilizing a Lissajous curve. The current study clarifies that speed-dependent modulations are evident in walking. Between walking and running, there were significant mode-dependent modulations. In contrast, there were no significant speed-dependent modulations during running. Deviations from standard tendencies quantified via Lissajous curve fitting could be a sign of gait impairments and recovery after treatments.