A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 176

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Social Fever or General Immune Response? Revisiting an Example of Social Immunity in Honey Bees. | LitMetric

Social Fever or General Immune Response? Revisiting an Example of Social Immunity in Honey Bees.

Insects

Department of Entomology, Bee Research Facility, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Published: August 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Honey bees utilize both individual and social immunity to combat parasites and pathogens, employing strategies like hygienic behavior and antimicrobial resin collection to protect their colony.
  • - In a study observing honey bee colonies, researchers monitored brood nest temperatures and found that while a slight increase in temperature occurred during the Challenge period, it was insufficient to prevent the spread of chalkbrood disease among immature bees.
  • - Additionally, experiments revealed that adult bees exposed to pathogens exhibited increased production of certain antimicrobial peptides, indicating a response mechanism, but did not show significant changes in other proteins related to heat shock or nutrition.

Article Abstract

Honey bees use several strategies to protect themselves and the colony from parasites and pathogens. In addition to individual immunity, social immunity involves the cumulative effort of some individuals to limit the spread of parasites and pathogens to uninfected nestmates. Examples of social immunity in honey bees that have received attention include hygienic behavior, or the removal of diseased brood, and the collection and deposition of antimicrobial resins (propolis) on interior nest surfaces. Advances in our understanding of another form of social immunity, social fever, are lacking. Honey bees were shown to raise the temperature of the nest in response to temperature-sensitive brood pathogen, . The increase in nest temperature (-0.6 °C) is thought to limit the spread of infection to uninfected immatures. We established observation hives and monitored the temperature of the brood nest for 40 days. This observation period was broken into five distinct segments, corresponding to sucrose solution feedings-Pre-Feed, Feed I, Challenge, Feed II, and Post-Feed. was administered to colonies as a 1% solution of ground sporulating chalkbrood mummies in 50% / sucrose solution, during the Challenge period. Like previous reports, we observed a modest increase in brood nest temperature during the Challenge period. However, all hives presented signs of chalkbrood disease, suggesting that elevation of the nest temperature was not sufficient to stop the spread of infection among immatures. We also began to explore the molecular mechanisms of temperature increase by exposing adult bees in cages to , without the presence of immatures. Compared to adult workers who were given sucrose solution only, workers exposed to showed increased expression of the antimicrobial peptides abaecin ( = 0.07) and hymenoptaecin ( = 0.04), but expression of the heat shock response protein ( = 0.76) and the nutritional marker vitellogenin ( = 0.72) were unaffected. These results indicate that adult honey bee workers exposed to a brood pathogen elevate the temperature of the brood nest and initiate an immune response, but the effect of this fever on preventing disease requires further study.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469213PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080528DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

social immunity
16
honey bees
16
nest temperature
12
brood nest
12
sucrose solution
12
social fever
8
immunity honey
8
parasites pathogens
8
immunity social
8
limit spread
8

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!