The biosynthetic gene cluster governing the production of antibacterial julichromes was identified from marine gastropod mollusk-associated SCSIO 054. Post-PKS assembly/tailoring enzymes JuiL, JuiM, JuiI, and JuiN represent key assembly enzymes. JuiL serves as a ketoreductase. JuiM is an acetyltransferase. JuiI carries out an intriguing biaryl coupling of two julichrome Q units (immediate JuiL, JuiM product) to afford julichrome Q. JuiN carries out tailoring steps on julichrome Q, transforming Q into Q.
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