This review is dedicated to the comparative analysis of structure-activity relationships for more than 75 natural and synthetic derivatives of adamantane. Some of these compounds, such as amantadine and memantine, are currently used to treat dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. The data presented show that the pharmacological potential of 1-fluoro- and 1-phosphonic acid adamantane derivatives against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases exceeds those of well-known amantadine and memantine. The information presented in this review highlights the promising directions of studies for biochemists, pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, physiologists, and neurologists, as well as to the pharmaceutical industry.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.123 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Neurol
January 2025
Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Purpose: Brain [18F]FDG-PET is a supportive biomarker for cognitive impairment in Lewy bodies disease (LBD) showing reduced occipital metabolism and presence of the cingulate island sign (CIS), a relative preservation of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) metabolism compared with precuneus and cuneus. We assess validation, clinical utility, and reproducibility of a qualitative visual CIS scale in the differential diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a memory clinic setting.
Methods: Sixty-seven patients were studied: 36 LBD, of whom 30 with dementia (DLB) and 6 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-LB), and 31 AD (20 typical and 11 atypical presentations).
Hum Brain Mapp
December 2024
SEB Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). WMH are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of stroke and dementia, and are commonly observed in aging, vascular cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. The reliable and rapid measurement of WMH in large-scale multisite clinical studies with heterogeneous patient populations remains challenging, where the diversity of imaging characteristics across studies adds additional complexity to this task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Cognitive impairment is a common and feared characteristic of aging processes, and one key mechanism of cognition is hippocampal synaptic structure. Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota dysbiosis occurred in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorders with cognitive impairment. However, it is not clear how gender differences affect cognitive impairment in aging processes and whether they affect synaptic structure and gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Obes Metab
December 2024
The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Aim: To comprehensively evaluate the benefits and risks of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).
Materials And Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to November 2023 to identify randomized cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials that enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease and compared DPP4i, GLP-1RAs, or SGLT2i to placebo. Twenty-one outcomes (e.
Cureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA.
This is a case of a 67-year-old male diagnosed with posterior cortical atrophy. Posterior cortical atrophy is an underdiagnosed phenomenon seen in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. When this condition manifests in patients with Alzheimer's disease, it is known as a visual variant of Alzheimer's disease.
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