A longitudinal mixed methods study describing 4th year baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of inclusive pedagogical strategies.

Background: Creating inclusive learning environments-those in which all students thrive-is a priority as nursing educators are charged with preparing a diverse workforce to care for a diverse patient population. Yet, faculty are hindered by a dearth of evidence-based pedagogical strategies to promote inclusion.

Purpose: This longitudinal mixed methods study uniquely addresses this evidence gap by describing relationships among inclusive pedagogical strategies and student outcomes in 81 4th-year baccalaureate nursing students.

Methods: Across the academic year, students participated in two focus groups and completed surveys at three timepoints on classroom and clinical belongingness, self-confidence and satisfaction with learning, and self-efficacy in the clinical setting.

Results: Students' reports of satisfaction and confidence in learning, clinical self-efficacy, and clinical belongingness were significantly higher when they characterized their learning environment as inclusive. Underrepresented students, however, reported significantly lower classroom and clinical belongingness at all three survey timepoints and shared examples of unaddressed breaches in inclusivity which undermined confidence and belongingness. Focus group participants evaluated pedagogical strategies and highlighted faculty's pivotal role in creating inclusive learning environments.

Conclusion: Inclusive pedagogical strategies may increase students' sense of belongingness, satisfaction and confidence in learning, and self-efficacy. Study results may assist faculty and inform future interventions.